Table 1: Signs and Symptoms associated with Maxillary Sinusitis
| Major | Minor |
| Facial pain | Dental Pain |
| Nasal obstruction, blockage | Cough |
| Nasal or postnasal discharge | Fatique |
| Hyposomia, ansomia | Ear pain, pressure, fullness |
| Fever | Halitosis |
| Conjunctival inflammation | |
| Chewing tenderness |
Table 2: Local and systemic factors that predispose to sinusitis
| Systemic | Local |
| Cystic fibrosis | Upper respiratory tract infection |
| Immune deficiency | Smoking |
| Bronchiectasis | Dental infections |
| Immotile cilia syndrome | Allergic rhinitis |
| Decongestant overuse | |
| Adenoid hypertrophy | |
| Barotrauma | |
| Pollutants | |
| Osteomeatal complex abnormalities |
Table 3: Odontogenic Sources of Maxillary Pain/Sinusitis
| Periapical abscess, granuloma |
| Peridontal disease |
| Mucous retention cyst of maxillary Sinus |
| Foreign object in sinus (tooth root, dental material) |
| Oral-antral fistula |
| Odontogenic cyst (radicular, dentigerous) |
| Odontogenic tumour (ameloblastoma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, squamous cell carcinoma) |
| Metabolic Diseases (Fibrous Dysplasia, Pagets Disease, Osteopetrosis) |
Table 4: Organisms associated with maxillary sinusitis (mean % with range) 31,32,36
| Acute Sinusitis | Adults | Children |
| Hemophillus influenzae | 35 (19-60) | 41 (36-41) |
| Streptococcus pneurnoniae | 34 (23-54) | 29 (27-32) |
| Moraxella catarrhalis | 2 (0-8) | 26 (23-27) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 4 (0-8) | 0 |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | 2 (1-3) | 2 (2) |
| Anaerobic species | 6 (0-10) | 0 |
| Gram-negative bacteria | 4 (0-11) | 2 (2) |
| Chronic Sinusitis | Adults | |
| Staphylococcus sp. | 51 (24-80) | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 20 (9-33) | |
| Anaerobic bacteria | 3 (0-8) | |
| Streptococcus pneurnoniae | 4 (0-7) | |
| Mixed organisms | 16 |
Table 5: Therapeutic agents and their actions.
| Type of Therapy | Actions |
| Antibiotics | Treat infections |
| Decongestants | Increase ostial diameter |
| Facilitates drainage | |
| Topical steroids | Reduces inflammation |
| Reduces mucous secretion | |
| Mucoevacuants | Thins secretions |
| Aids drainage |
Table 6: Oral antimicrobial therapy for acute bacterial sinsusitis29,36 (approved for use in Canada)
| Drug | Adult dosage | Pediatric dosage |
| Amoxicillin | 500 mg q8h | 40 mg/kg daily, in 3 doses |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 500/125 mg q8h | 45/6.4 mg/kg daily, in 2 doses |
| Clarithromycin | 500 mg bid | 15 mg/kg daily, in 2 doses |
| Cefurixime axetil | 250 mg bid | 30 mg/kg daily, in 2 doses |
| Cefaclor | 250 mg q8h | 20-40 mg/kg daily, divided q8-12h |
| Cefixime | 400mg bid | 9 mg/kg daily |
| TMP-SMX | 160/800 mg q12h | 8/40/mg/kg daily, in 2 doses |
| Erythromycin/ | 40mg/kg daily, in 3 doses Sulfisoxazole | |
