We all remember graduating dental school and thinking to ourselves: “What’s next?” The future is full of possibilities; we must make decisions which will ultimately affect the rest of our careers and lives. Some of us knew right away that…
Keywords Refractory endodontic disease, endodontic, radial apical cleansing, Er,Cr:YSGG, diode, laser, biofilm bacteria. Introduction One of the defining attributes of an astute endodontist is the ability to successfully treat refractory endodontic disease. Refractory disease is defined as disease that is…